The music you are listening to is "Chi Piu' Cara T'havra' Chi Tanto T'ama"
by Jacopo Peri. Peri's music was modeled by Claudio Monteverdi ("Seconda
prattica"). This music was considered to be the beginning of modern opera,
as now poetry could be set to music with a new, Humanist theory of rhetoric
tacens, and not the old, inflexible, strictly hierarchical Scholastic view of
reality.
Accent marks (louder dynamic to apply to a single note: an articulation mark)
Staccato, means that the last part of a note should be silenced to create
separation between it and the following note.
Staccatissimo, is usually interpreted as shorter than the staccato.
A staccatissimo crotchet (quarter note) would be correctly played as a
lightly articulated semi-quaver (sixteenth note).
Martellato (Italian: forzato, "hammered"), can be as as loud as an accent
mark (next) and short as a staccato.
Accent mark or marcato (Italian: sforzando), the marked note should have
an emphasized beginning and then rapidly taper off.
Tenuto mark (Italian: sustained), three meanings:
A note or chord is to be played at full length or longer.
A note or chord is to be played a bit louder.
A note is to be separated with a little space from surrounding notes
(inferred when there are several notes with tenuto marks in a row,
especially under a slur).